Construyendo un nuevo paradigma de diversidad en un mundo globalización

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55555/IS.29.635

Palabras clave:

diversidad, globalización, daltonismo, multiculturalismo, policulturalismo, ideología de la diversidad

Resumen

Las sociedades cada vez más diversas exigen nuevas estrategias para la integración armoniosa. El daltonismo y el multiculturalismo, dos enfoques tradicionales, presentan limitaciones. El daltonismo ignora las diferencias, mientras que el multiculturalismo puede fomentar la discriminación. El policulturalismo, que se centra en las relaciones entre grupos, ofrece una alternativa, pero su eficacia no es universal. La globalización también impacta la diversidad. Puede generar riesgos para la convivencia, pero también ofrece oportunidades para la inclusión. La conexión entre ambos fenómenos es compleja y requiere un análisis profundo. Este artículo propone una cuarta dimensión, la ideología de la diversidad de la globalización, que surge de la interacción entre globalización y diversidad. Esta ideología busca superar las limitaciones de los enfoques existentes y promover una diversidad positiva que enriquezca a todas las comunidades. Para ello, se revisan estudios empíricos que muestran cómo la diversidad de la globalización puede reducir la discriminación y el racismo, y facilitar el contacto intergrupal positivo

Citas

Abu-Laban, Yasmeen y Christina Gabriel. Selling diversity: Immigration, multiculturalism, employment equity, and globalization. University of Toronto Press, 2002.

Anderson, Elijah. The cosmopolitan canopy: Race and civility in everyday life. Estados Unidos: WW Norton & Company, 2011.

Beaman, Jean y Amy Petts. “Towards a global theory of colorblindness: Comparing colorblind racial ideology in France and the United States”. Sociology Compass 14, núm. 4 (2020): e12774. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12774

Bernardo, Allan B. I., Maria Guadalupe Salanga, Susana Tjipto, Bonar Hutapea, Susanna Yeung y Aqeel Khan. “Contrasting lay theories of polyculturalism and multiculturalism: Associations with essentialist beliefs of race in six Asian cultural groups”. Cross-Cultural Research 50, núm. 3 (2016): 231-250. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397116641895

Bernardo, Allan B. I., Lisa Rosenthal y Sheri R. Levy. “Polyculturalism and attitudes towards people from other countries”. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 37, núm. 3 (2013): 335-344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2012.12.005

Berry, John W. “Globalisation and acculturation”. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 32, núm. 4 (2008): 328-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2008.04.001

Birnbaum, Hannah J., Nicole M. Stephens, Sarah S. M. Townsend y MarYam G. Hamedani. “A diversity ideology intervention: Multiculturalism reduces the racial achievement gap”. Social Psychological and Personality Science 12, núm. 5 (2021): 751-759. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550620938227

Caleo, Suzette y Daniel S. Whitman. “Polyculturalism as a multilevel phenomenon”. Industrial and Organizational Psychology 16, núm. 3 (2023): 401-404. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2023.41

Chiu, Chi Yue, Anand Benegal y Peter Hays Gries. “Globalization and Intercultural Relations”. En Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology. Estados Unidos: Oxford University Press, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.573

Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe. Globalización y Desarrollo. Vigesimonoveno período de sesiones, Brasilia, Brasil, 6 al 10 de mayo de 2002. https://repositorio.cepal.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/454c4451-448a-4087-b41e-4ac0b3776d40/content

Dennissen, Marjolein, Yvonne Benschop y Marieke van Den Brink. “Rethinking diversity management: An intersectional analysis of diversity networks”. Organization Studies 41, núm. 4 (2020): 219-240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840618800103

Diamond, Aurel H. y Elyakim Kislev. “High school students’ perceptions of science and attitudes towards intergroup cooperation”. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 52, núm. 2 (2022): 192-210. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2020.1748494

Doane, Ashley. “Beyond color-blindness: (Re) theorizing racial ideology”. Sociological Perspectives 60, núm. 5 (2017): 975-991. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731121417719697

Dovidio, John y Samuel L. Gaertner. Prejudice, discrimination, and racism. Academic Press, 1986.

Dunne, Timothy y Christian Reus-Smit. The globalization of international society. Estados Unidos: Oxford University Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198793427.001.0001

Erez, Miriam, Alon Lisak, Raveh Hrush, Ella Glikson, Rikki Nouri y Efrat Shokef. “Going global: Developing management students’ cultural intelligence and global identity in culturally diverse virtual teams”. Academy of Management Learning & Education 12, núm. 3 (2013): 330-355. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2012.0200

Flint, Karen. “Indian-African Encounters: Polyculturalism and African Therapeutics in Natal, South Africa, 1886-1950s?”. Journal of Southern African Studies 32, núm. 2 (2006): 367-385. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070600656382

Flood, Robert L. y N. R. Romm. “Diversity management”. Critical Systems Thinking (Estados Unidos: Springer, 1996), 81-92.

Giddens, Anthony. Un mundo desbocado: Los efectos de la globalización en nuestras vidas. Madrid: Taurus, 2000.

Glikson, Ella y Miriam Erez. “Emotion display norms in virtual teams”. Journal of Personnel Psychology 12, núm. 1 (2013): 22-32. https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000078

Hao, Jia, Dongmei Li, Luluo Peng, Siqing Peng y Carlos Torelli. “Advancing our understanding of culture mixing”. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 47, núm. 10 (2016): 1257-1267. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022116670514

Hartmann, Douglas, Paul R. Croll, Ryan Larson, Joseph Gerteis y Alex Manning. “Colorblindness as identity: key determinants, relations to ideology, and implications for attitudes about race and policy”. Sociological Perspectives 60, núm. 5 (2017): 866-888. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731121417719694

Harush, Raveh, Alon Lisak y Ella Glikson. “The bright side of social categorization: The role of global identity in reducing relational conflict in multicultural distributed teams”. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management 25, núm. 1 (2018): 134-156. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCSM-11-2016-0202

Haslam, S. Alexander, Stephen D. Reicher y Michael J. Platow. The new psychology of leadership: Identity, influence and power. Estados Unidos: Routledge, 2020.

Healy, Esther, Emma Thomas y Anne Pedersen. “Prejudice, polyculturalism, and the influence of contact and moral exclusion: A comparison of responses toward LGBI, TI, and refugee groups”. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 47, núm. 7 (2017): 389-399. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12446

Huda, Miftachul, Nasrul Hisyam Nor Muhamad, Puji Isyanto, Razaleigh Muhamat, Nurazmallail Marni, Mohamed Ahmad Kilani y Jimaain Safar. “Building harmony in diverse society: Insights from practical wisdom”. International Journal of Ethics and Systems 36, núm. 2 (2020): 149-165. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-11-2017-0208

Ianni, Octavio. Teorías de la globalización. México: Siglo XXI, 1996.

Kastoryano, Riva. “Multiculturalism and interculturalism: redefining nationhood and solidarity”. Comparative Migration Studies 6, núm. 1 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-018-0082-6

Kelley, Robin. “The people in me”. Utne Reader 95 (1999): 79-81.

Kim, Young Yun y Dharm P. S. Bhawuk. “Globalization and diversity: Contributions from intercultural research”. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 32, núm. 4 (2008): 301-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2008.06.001

Kundnani, Arun. “Multiculturalism and its discontents: Left, Right and liberal”. European Journal of Cultural Studies 15, núm. 2 (2012): 155-166. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549411432027

Lascurain Fernández, Mauricio, “El proceso de globalización económica y los actuales movimientos populistas”, Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad 17, núm. 1 (2022): 13-30. https://doi.org/10.18359/ries.5513

Martell, Luke. The sociology of globalization. Nueva York: John Wiley & Sons, 2016.

Modood, Tariq. “Can interculturalism complement multiculturalism?”. Multicultural Education Review 13, núm. 4 (2021): 275-284. https://doi.org/10.1080/2005615X.2021.2006115

Moghaddam, Fathali M. “Multiculturalism, democracy, and intergroup relations: International and national contexts”. En Multiculturalism and intergroup relations: Psychological implications for democracy in global context. Estados Unidos: American Psychological Association, 2008, 7-25. https://doi.org/10.1037/11682-001

Neville, Helen A., Germine Awad, James Brooks, Michelle Flores y Jaime Bluemel. “Color-blind racial ideology: theory, training, and measurement implications in psychology”. American Psychologist 68, núm. 6 (2013): 455-466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0033282

Nier, Jason A., Samuel L. Gaertner, Jhon F. Dovidio, Brenda S. Banker, Christine M. Ward y Mary C. Rust. “Changing interracial evaluations and behavior: The effects of a common group identity”.Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 4, núm. 4 (2001): 299-316. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430201004004001

Niezen, Ronald. A world beyond difference: Cultural identity in the age of globalization. Estados Unidos: Blackwell Publishing, 2008.

Nouman, Hani. “Between majority and minority: A model for understanding and promoting culturally competent policy practice in multicultural societies”. The British Journal of Social Work 50, núm. 2 (2020): 506-524. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcz144

Onyusheva, Irina, Lalita Thammashote, y Jatuporn Thongaim. “Multicultural Urban Business Environment: Managing Cross-Cultural Problems Within Globalization”. En Migration and Urbanization: Local Solutions for Global Economic Challenges. Estados Unidos: IGI Global, 2020, 219-240.

Osborn, Hannah, Nicholas Sosa y Kimberly Rios. “Perceiving demographic diversity as a threat: Divergent effects of multiculturalism and polyculturalism”. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 23, núm. 7 (2020): 1014-1031. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430219880606

Ozer, Simon, Jonas R. Kunst y Seth J. Schwartz. “Investigating direct and indirect globalization-based acculturation”. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 84 (2021): 155-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.07.012

Pieterse, Jan Nederveen. Globalization and culture: Global mélange. Estados Unidos: Rowman & Littlefield, 2019.

Plaut, Victoria C., Kecia M. Thomas, Kyneshawau Hurd y Celina A. Romano. “Do color blindness and multiculturalism remedy or foster discrimination and racism?”. Current Directions in Psychological Science 27, núm. 3 (2018): 200-206. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721418766068

Prashad, Vijay. “Bruce Lee and the anti-imperialism of Kung Fu: A polycultural adventure”. Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique 11, núm. 1 (2003): 51-90. https://www.muse.jhu.edu/article/40651

Rattan, Aneeta y Nalini Ambady. “Diversity ideologies and intergroup relations: An examination of colorblindness and multiculturalism”. European Journal of Social Psychology 43, núm. 1 (2013): 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.1892

Reese, Gerhard, Amir Rosenmann y James E. Cameron. The psychology of globalization: identity, ideology, and action. Academic Press, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2016-0-03228-X

Rosenthal, Lisa y Sheri Levy. “The colorblind, multicultural, and polycultural ideological approaches to improving intergroup attitudes and relations”. Social Issues and Policy Review 4, núm. 1 (2010): 215-246.

Rosenthal, Lisa, Luisa Ramirez, Sheri Levy y Allan Bernardo. “Polyculturalism: Viewing cultures as dynamically connected and its implications for intercultural attitudes in Colombia”. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana 37, núm. 1 (2019): 133-151. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/apl/a.7175

Rosenthal, Lisa, Sheri Levy e Ian Moss. “Polyculturalism and openness about criticizing one’s culture: Implications for sexual prejudice”. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 15, núm. 2 (2012): 149-165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430211412801

Ryan, Carey S., Juan F. Casas y Bobbi K. Thompson. “Interethnic ideology, intergroup perceptions, and cultural orientation”. Journal of Social Issues 66, núm.1 (2010): 29-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2009.01631

Sachs, Jeffrey. The Ages of Globalization: Geography, Technology, and Institutions. Estados Unidos: Columbia University Press, 2020.

Santos, Milton. Por otra globalización: del pensamiento único a la conciencia universal. Colombia: Convenio Andrés Bello, 2004.

Sasaki, Stacey J. y Jacquie D. Vorauer. “Ignoring versus exploring differences between groups: Effects of salient color?blindness and multiculturalism on intergroup attitudes and behavior”. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 7, núm. 4 (2013): 246-259. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12021.

Sassen, Saskia y Ada Van Roekel-Hughes. “Deciphering the global: Its spaces, scales and subjects”. Social Thought & Research 29 (2008): 3-18.

Schwartz, Seth J., Koen Luyckx y Vivian L. Vignoles. Handbook of identity theory and research (Estados Unidos: Springer Science & Business Media, 2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7988-9_13

Sharma, Sagar y Monica Sharma. “Globalization, threatened identities, coping and well-being”. Psychological Studies 55, núm. 4 (2010): 313-322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12646-010-0048-8

Shelby, Renee. “Technology, sexual violence, and power-evasive politics: Mapping the anti-violence sociotechnical imaginary”. Science, Technology & Human Values 48, núm. 3 (2023): 552-581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01622439211046047

Smith, John. Imperialism in the twenty-first century: Globalization, super-exploitation, and capitalism’s final crisis. Estados Unidos: New York University Press, 2016.

Stiglitz, Joseph. El malestar de la globalización. Madrid: Taurus-Santillana, 2002.

Tajfel, Henri y John C. Turner. “The social identity theory of intergroup behavior”. En Political psychology, editado por John T. Jost y Jim Sidanius. Estados Unidos: Psychology Press, 2004, 276-293. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203505984-16

Teo, Terri-Anne. “Multiculturalism beyond citizenship: The inclusion of non-citizens”. Ethnicities 21, núm. 1 (2021): 165-191. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468796820984939

Turner, John, Michael Hogg, Penelope Oakes, Stephen Reicher y Margaret Wetherell. Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory (Estados Unidos: Basil Blackwell, 1987).

Verkuyten, Maykel. “Ethnic group identification and group evaluation among minority and majority groups: Testing the multiculturalism hypothesis”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 88, núm. 1 (2005): 121-138. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.88.1.121

Virgona, Ariane y Emiko S. Kashima. “Diversity ideologies and flourishing: An Australian study comparing polyculturalism, multiculturalism, and colorblindness”. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 81 (2021): 236-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.02.002

Whitley Jr., Bernard E. y Gregory D. Webster. “The relationships of intergroup ideologies to ethnic prejudice: A meta-analysis”. Personality and Social Psychology Review 23, núm. 3 (2019): 207-237. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868318761423.

Yari, Nooria, Erik Lankut, Ilan Alon y Nicole Franziska Richter. “Cultural intelligence, global mindset, and cross-cultural competencies: A systematic review using bibliometric methods”. European Journal of International Management 14, núm. 2 (2020): 210-250. https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2020.105545

Yüksel, Azize y Figen Ere?. “The correlation between global citizenship perceptions and cultural intelligence levels of teachers”. Universal Journal of Educational Research 6, núm. 5 (2018): 1069-1076. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2018.060528

Descargas

Publicado

2024-11-07

Cómo citar

Lascurain Fernández, Mauricio. 2024. «Construyendo Un Nuevo Paradigma De Diversidad En Un Mundo globalización». Intersticios Sociales, n.º 29 (noviembre):21-43. https://doi.org/10.55555/IS.29.635.

Número

Sección

Reflexión Teórica