THAAD Controversy in South Korea: Beyond Sanctions.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32870/mycp.v11i31.755Keywords:
China , South Korea, THAAD, sanctions, economic statecraftAbstract
This article aims at exploring how China has been using its economic instruments (in this context, trade relations with other countries) as a foreign policy tool, where China expects to exert pressure on an objective whenever its interests are threatened. This article uses a mixed method approach with primary sources such as media and government reports (qualitative) and economic indicators (quantitative) to prove that the concept of sanctions is not solely limited to the traditional blockades. Evidence shows that economic statecraft has widened the fields of foreign policy analysis and international relations by modifying the concept of sanctions ordered or imposed by the United Nations or the United State, as economic statecraft can be imposed unilaterally through multiple alternatives. South Korea is a clear example after it was subject to economic pressure from China in 2017 resulting from their decision to deploy the THAAD missile system.Downloads
References
Baldwin, A. D. (1985). Economic Statecraft. Princeton University Press.
Blackwill, D., & Harris, J. (2015). War by Other Means: Geoeconomics and Statecraft. Princeton University Press.
Glosserman, B. (12 de enero de 2020). Seoul draws wrong THAAD lessons.
https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2020/01/27/commentary/japancommentary/seoul-draws-wrong-thaad-lessons/
Hankyoreh. (19 de septiembre de 2017). South Korean companies suffering
heavy losses due to THAAD retaliation. http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_international/811619.html
Institute for Security and Development Policy. (2017). THAAD on the Korean
Peninsula. https://isdp.eu/content/uploads/2016/11/THAAD-Backgrounder-ISDP-2.pdf
Keohane, R., & Nye, J. (1987). Power and Interdependence Revisited. International Organization, 4(41), 725-753. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2706764
Kim, C., Chung, J. (19 de marzo de 2017). South Korea complains to WTO
over China response to missile system. Reuters https://www.reuters.com/article/us-southkorea-china-thaad-idUSKBN16R03D
Kim, Y. (2019). Beijing asks Seoul to ‘deal properly’ with THAAD. The Korea Times.
https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2019/12/113_279916.Html
Korea Customs Service. (15 de enero de 2020). Trade Statistics for Export/
Import. https://unipass.customs.go.kr/ets/index_eng.do
Li, M. (2017). China’s Economic Statecraft: Co-optation, Cooperation
and Coercion.. World Scientif ic Publishing Ltd. Nien-Chung, C. L. (2016). China’s New Foreign Policy under Xi Jinping.
Asian Security, 28(2), 82-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14799855.2016.1183195
Reilly, J. (2012). China’s Unilateral Sanctions. The Washington Quarterly, 35(4),
-133. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2012.726428
Waldeck, Y. (2020). Share of tourists from Mainland China to South
Korea from 2009 to 2019. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1053544/south-korea-visitor-arrivals-from-mainland-chinashare/#statisticContainer
Xinhua, L. (2017a). S. Korean companies feel chill over THAAD deployment.
Xinhua News. http://www.xinhuanet.com//english/2017-03/22/c_136147858.htm
Xinhua, L. (2017b). China’s opposition to THAAD is justified, sufficient. Xinhua
News. http://www.xinhuanet.com//english/2017-03/17/c_136137321.Htm
Xinhua, L. (2017c). Chinese FM reiterates demand for THAAD’s removal from
South Korea. Xinhua News. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/201709/21/c_136626399.htm
Xinhua, L. (2017d). China demands “immediate stop” to THAAD deployment.
Xinhua News. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-09/06/c_136589140.htm
Xinhua, L. (2017e). Remaining THAAD elements transported to deployment
site in South Korea. Xinhua News. http://www.xinhuanet.com//english/2017-09/07/c_136591063.htm
Yi, W. (2020). THAAD missiles replaced under surprise operation. The Korea Times.
https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2020/05/113_290342.html
Yi, W. (11 de enero 2021) ‘THAAD retaliation appears to be continuing’.
The Korea Times. https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2019/11/113_278679.html
Yonhap News Agency. (06 de septiembre de 2017). Chronology of
events leading to THAAD deployment. https://men.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20170906009800315
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 2022-01-24 (3)
- 2021-12-14 (2)
- 2021-12-14 (1)
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 México y la Cuenca del Pacífico
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Open Access Policy
This journal provides open access to all its contents, in adherence to the principle that making research freely available supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
MyCP is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, also known as CC BY-NC.
Contents are published in both PDF and XML formats.
Authors who publish in México y la Cuenca del Pacífico must accept the following conditions:
Pursuant to Mexican copyright laws, México y la Cuenca del Pacífico acknowledges and respects the authors’ moral right and ownership of property rights, which will be assigned to the University of Guadalajara to publish the articles in an open-access mode.
México y la Cuenca del Pacífico does not charge the authors any fees for receiving and processing their articles.
Authors are permitted to enter into other independent and additional contractual agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article version published in México y la Cuenca del Pacífico (for example, publishing it in an institutional repository or in other printed or electronic media) as long as they clearly state that the piece was originally published in México y la Cuenca del Pacífico.
Pursuant to the above, once the article is approved for publication, authors must send the Assignment of Rights Agreement form duly filled and signed. This form must be sent to mexicoylacuenca@gmail.com as a PDF file.
Readers/users of México y la Cuenca del Pacífico can freely access the journal new issues as soon as they are uploaded. Readers/users are allowed to cite, share (both electronically and physically), print and distribute the material, provided they expressly state that the work was originally published in México y la Cuenca del Pacífico. Contents are to be properly cited and never for commercial purposes.
